An equation of state relates intensive properties of a pure substance.

  • For example, the ideal gas law, , is an equation of state

It can take the following forms:

  • Algebraic (ideal gas law – may only be valid for certain conditions/assumptions)
  • Graphical (P-v-T surface)
  • Tabular (Property tables)

For example, we can define for a pure substance undergoing a quasi-equilibrium process to use in: .