Battery Packs

Battery packs combine battery cells in series and parallel to increase the available energy.

$N$ cells in series gives higher voltage:

• $V_{total}=N{V}_{cell}$. $Q_{total}=Q_{cell}$ and $C_{total}=C_{cell}$ remain the same.

$M$ cells in series gives more voltage:

• $Q_{total}=M{Q}_{cell}$ and $C_{total}=C_{cell}$.
• $V_{total}=V_{cell}$ remains the same.

We can apply both approaches together to achieve:

$$E_{total}=(M{Q}_{cell})(N{V}_{cell})$$

The symbol for battery packs is: