For phase, each factor is a complex number at any frequency, so phases can be treated individually: ∠A(s)=∠(D1(s)D2(s)…N1(s)N2(s)…)=∠(N1(s)N2(s)…)−∠(D1(s)D2(s)…)=∠N1(s)+∠N2(s)+⋯−∠D1(s)−∠D2(s)